Ratite Farming - History
Emus
The Australian government used to pay people to kill emus. Thousands of emus were shot
and bounties were placed on them for trampling sheep fences and eating crops.
The government gladly exported them to zoos around the world. Emus imported into the United
States from 1930 to 1950 are the basis on which breeders are trying to establish an emu meat
industry in this country.
In recent years, the Australian government has adopted new policies in regard to the emu,
including naming the native pest the national bird. About thirty years ago the government
banned the export of live emus and started financing the study and gathering of wild emus in
order to promote emu ranching by the Aborigines.
These actions led the U.S. to start domestic operations. There are currently an estimated
250,000 emus in this country. Like ostrich ranches, emu ranches are concentrated in Texas and
scattered in other states such as Oklahoma and California. In Pennsylvania, some Amish
farmers are reportedly raising emus.
According to the American Emu Association in Dallas, the emu represents a natural resource
useful to an unprecedented standard.
Products include the hide for upscale boots, luggage, and accessories; feathers for
designer evening wear, vests, hats, and high-tech dusters; emu back oil for cosmetics and
medications; egg shells and toenails for decorative and jewelry items; and meat, which the
group says is gaining acceptance in gourmet restaurants and is featured in heart healthy menus.
Ostriches
The commercial potential of the ostrich industry, with a world-wide demand for its low-fat
red meat, leather, feathers and other products (such as eyes for corneal research and human
corneal transplants) makes it one of the more economically attractive agricultural investment
in the United States and Canada.
Unlike chickens and turkeys, ostriches and emus have almost no breast muscle tissue; their
meat comes mainly from the thigh. Ostrich feathers are manually obtained from the living
bird by a combination of plucking, clipping, and quilling. The body feathers of ostriches bred
exclusively for feather production in Africa are plucked every seven to ten months.